particle

1. you said; he said; she said; they said (casual quoting particle)
2. even if (after a verb in the past tense)
3. do you seriously think that (as in かって; indicates a satirical or rhetorical question)
4. I already told you; you should know by now that; of course (indicates certainty, insistence, emphasis, etc.)
5. the said ...; said ... (abbr. of という)
6. says that ... (abbr. of と言っている)
7. I hear that ... (abbr. of と聞いている)
8. as for the term ... (abbr. of とは, というのは)
9. as for ... (equiv. of は topic marker)